Topic
IP basics
Foundational guides on what IP addresses are, how they work, and what they reveal about you.
10 articles
Why is my IP location wrong?
Your IP says you're in a city you've never visited. Or a different country. Or your ISP's headquarters. Here's why IP geolocation is approximate by nature, the cases where it's reliably wrong, and what 'wrong' actually means.
What is HTTPS and why does it actually matter?
HTTPS is the lock icon in your browser. Underneath it's a sequence of cryptographic steps that prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and impersonation on every web request. Here's what's going on.
What is a port? Networking ports explained simply
An IP address gets traffic to your computer. A port number tells the OS which app should handle it. Here's what ports are, the well-known port numbers, and why ports 80 and 443 are so famous.
Static vs dynamic IP addresses: which one do you have?
Some IPs stay the same forever; others change every few weeks. Here's the difference between static and dynamic IPs, how to tell which kind you have, and when you'd want each.
How does email actually work? The protocols behind every message
Email is older than the web and built on protocols most people have never heard of: SMTP, IMAP, MX records, SPF, DKIM, DMARC. Here's the whole journey from 'send' to 'inbox' in plain English.
How does DNS work? A friendly walkthrough
Type a domain, see a website. In between, DNS does a quiet 50-millisecond dance through several specialized servers. Here's exactly how every name turns into an IP.
How to find your IP address on Windows, Mac, iPhone, and Android
Step-by-step guide to finding your public and private IP address on every device — Windows, macOS, Linux, iPhone, iPad, and Android. Plus a one-click check.
Public vs. private IP addresses: what's the difference?
Your device probably has two IP addresses: a private one used inside your home network, and a public one the internet sees. Here's how they work, when each is used, and how to find both.
IPv4 vs IPv6: differences explained simply
IPv4 is running out of addresses. IPv6 has practically unlimited supply. Here's what the difference means for you, your privacy, and how the internet works.
What is an IP address? A complete plain-English guide
An IP address is the unique number that identifies your device on the internet. Learn how IPs work, the difference between IPv4 and IPv6, and what your IP reveals about you.